New research published in the British Medical Journal Nutrition, Prevention & Health reveals a concerning trend: children living in India’s hills and mountains face an increased risk of stunted growth, with the risk escalating at higher altitudes. Analyzing data from over 1.65 lakh children under five years old, researchers discovered that stunting was more prevalent among third-born or later children and those with a small size at birth.
The study, based on data from the 2015-16 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), utilized WHO standards to define stunting. While the observational study did not establish a direct causal link, researchers hypothesized that prolonged exposure to high-altitude environments could diminish appetite and impede oxygen and nutrient absorption.
The research team, which included experts from Manipal Academy of Higher Education, emphasized the compounded challenges faced by children in hilly and mountainous regions. Food insecurity, exacerbated by lower crop yields and harsh climates, further exacerbates the risk of stunted growth. Providing adequate healthcare access and implementing nutritional programs in these regions pose significant challenges.
Among the key findings, the overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 36%, with higher rates observed among those aged 1.5-5 years compared to younger children. Additionally, children residing at altitudes above 2000 meters faced a 40% higher risk of stunting compared to those at lower elevations.
Notably, stunting rates were markedly higher among third-born or higher birth order children and those born with small or very small size. These findings underscore the complex interplay of altitude, birth order, and birth size in influencing childhood development and highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address stunting among vulnerable populations in India’s mountainous regions.
